import urllib

from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.db import models
from django.db.models.manager import EmptyManager
from django.utils.crypto import get_random_string
from django.utils.encoding import smart_str
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.utils import timezone

from django.contrib import auth
# UNUSABLE_PASSWORD is still imported here for backwards compatibility
from django.contrib.auth.hashers import (
    check_password, make_password, is_password_usable, UNUSABLE_PASSWORD)
from django.contrib.auth.signals import user_logged_in
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType


def update_last_login(sender, user, **kwargs):
    """
    A signal receiver which updates the last_login date for
    the user logging in.
    """
    user.last_login = timezone.now()
    user.save()
user_logged_in.connect(update_last_login)


class SiteProfileNotAvailable(Exception):
    pass


class PermissionManager(models.Manager):
    def get_by_natural_key(self, codename, app_label, model):
        return self.get(
            codename=codename,
            content_type=ContentType.objects.get_by_natural_key(app_label,
                                                                model),
        )


class Permission(models.Model):
    """
    The permissions system provides a way to assign permissions to specific
    users and groups of users.

    The permission system is used by the Django admin site, but may also be
    useful in your own code. The Django admin site uses permissions as follows:

        - The "add" permission limits the user's ability to view the "add" form
          and add an object.
        - The "change" permission limits a user's ability to view the change
          list, view the "change" form and change an object.
        - The "delete" permission limits the ability to delete an object.

    Permissions are set globally per type of object, not per specific object
    instance. It is possible to say "Mary may change news stories," but it's
    not currently possible to say "Mary may change news stories, but only the
    ones she created herself" or "Mary may only change news stories that have a
    certain status or publication date."

    Three basic permissions -- add, change and delete -- are automatically
    created for each Django model.
    """
    name = models.CharField(_('name'), max_length=50)
    content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType)
    codename = models.CharField(_('codename'), max_length=100)
    objects = PermissionManager()

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = _('permission')
        verbose_name_plural = _('permissions')
        unique_together = (('content_type', 'codename'),)
        ordering = ('content_type__app_label', 'content_type__model',
                    'codename')

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"%s | %s | %s" % (
            unicode(self.content_type.app_label),
            unicode(self.content_type),
            unicode(self.name))

    def natural_key(self):
        return (self.codename,) + self.content_type.natural_key()
    natural_key.dependencies = ['contenttypes.contenttype']


class GroupManager(models.Manager):
    """
    The manager for the auth's Group model.
    """
    def get_by_natural_key(self, name):
        return self.get(name=name)

class Group(models.Model):
    """
    Groups are a generic way of categorizing users to apply permissions, or
    some other label, to those users. A user can belong to any number of
    groups.

    A user in a group automatically has all the permissions granted to that
    group. For example, if the group Site editors has the permission
    can_edit_home_page, any user in that group will have that permission.

    Beyond permissions, groups are a convenient way to categorize users to
    apply some label, or extended functionality, to them. For example, you
    could create a group 'Special users', and you could write code that would
    do special things to those users -- such as giving them access to a
    members-only portion of your site, or sending them members-only email
    messages.
    """
    name = models.CharField(_('name'), max_length=80, unique=True)
    permissions = models.ManyToManyField(Permission,
        verbose_name=_('permissions'), blank=True)

    objects = GroupManager()

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = _('group')
        verbose_name_plural = _('groups')

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

    def natural_key(self):
        return (self.name,)


class UserManager(models.Manager):

    @classmethod
    def normalize_email(cls, email):
        """
        Normalize the address by lowercasing the domain part of the email
        address.
        """
        email = email or ''
        try:
            email_name, domain_part = email.strip().rsplit('@', 1)
        except ValueError:
            pass
        else:
            email = '@'.join([email_name, domain_part.lower()])
        return email

    def create_user(self, username, email=None, password=None):
        """
        Creates and saves a User with the given username, email and password.
        """
        now = timezone.now()
        if not username:
            raise ValueError('The given username must be set')
        email = UserManager.normalize_email(email)
        user = self.model(username=username, email=email,
                          is_staff=False, is_active=True, is_superuser=False,
                          last_login=now, date_joined=now)

        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, username, email, password):
        u = self.create_user(username, email, password)
        u.is_staff = True
        u.is_active = True
        u.is_superuser = True
        u.save(using=self._db)
        return u

    def make_random_password(self, length=10,
                             allowed_chars='abcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz'
                                           'ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ'
                                           '23456789'):
        """
        Generates a random password with the given length and given
        allowed_chars. Note that the default value of allowed_chars does not
        have "I" or "O" or letters and digits that look similar -- just to
        avoid confusion.
        """
        return get_random_string(length, allowed_chars)

    def get_by_natural_key(self, username):
        return self.get(username=username)


# A few helper functions for common logic between User and AnonymousUser.
def _user_get_all_permissions(user, obj):
    permissions = set()
    for backend in auth.get_backends():
        if hasattr(backend, "get_all_permissions"):
            if obj is not None:
                permissions.update(backend.get_all_permissions(user, obj))
            else:
                permissions.update(backend.get_all_permissions(user))
    return permissions


def _user_has_perm(user, perm, obj):
    anon = user.is_anonymous()
    active = user.is_active
    for backend in auth.get_backends():
        if anon or active or backend.supports_inactive_user:
            if hasattr(backend, "has_perm"):
                if obj is not None:
                    if backend.has_perm(user, perm, obj):
                            return True
                else:
                    if backend.has_perm(user, perm):
                        return True
    return False


def _user_has_module_perms(user, app_label):
    anon = user.is_anonymous()
    active = user.is_active
    for backend in auth.get_backends():
        if anon or active or backend.supports_inactive_user:
            if hasattr(backend, "has_module_perms"):
                if backend.has_module_perms(user, app_label):
                    return True
    return False


class User(models.Model):
    """
    Users within the Django authentication system are represented by this
    model.

    Username and password are required. Other fields are optional.
    """
    username = models.CharField(_('username'), max_length=30, unique=True,
        help_text=_('Required. 30 characters or fewer. Letters, numbers and '
                    '@/./+/-/_ characters'))
    first_name = models.CharField(_('first name'), max_length=30, blank=True)
    last_name = models.CharField(_('last name'), max_length=30, blank=True)
    email = models.EmailField(_('e-mail address'), blank=True)
    password = models.CharField(_('password'), max_length=128)
    is_staff = models.BooleanField(_('staff status'), default=False,
        help_text=_('Designates whether the user can log into this admin '
                    'site.'))
    is_active = models.BooleanField(_('active'), default=True,
        help_text=_('Designates whether this user should be treated as '
                    'active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'))
    is_superuser = models.BooleanField(_('superuser status'), default=False,
        help_text=_('Designates that this user has all permissions without '
                    'explicitly assigning them.'))
    last_login = models.DateTimeField(_('last login'), default=timezone.now)
    date_joined = models.DateTimeField(_('date joined'), default=timezone.now)
    groups = models.ManyToManyField(Group, verbose_name=_('groups'),
        blank=True, help_text=_('The groups this user belongs to. A user will '
                                'get all permissions granted to each of '
                                'his/her group.'))
    user_permissions = models.ManyToManyField(Permission,
        verbose_name=_('user permissions'), blank=True,
        help_text='Specific permissions for this user.')
    objects = UserManager()

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = _('user')
        verbose_name_plural = _('users')

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.username

    def natural_key(self):
        return (self.username,)

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return "/users/%s/" % urllib.quote(smart_str(self.username))

    def is_anonymous(self):
        """
        Always returns False. This is a way of comparing User objects to
        anonymous users.
        """
        return False

    def is_authenticated(self):
        """
        Always return True. This is a way to tell if the user has been
        authenticated in templates.
        """
        return True

    def get_full_name(self):
        """
        Returns the first_name plus the last_name, with a space in between.
        """
        full_name = u'%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
        return full_name.strip()

    def set_password(self, raw_password):
        self.password = make_password(raw_password)

    def check_password(self, raw_password):
        """
        Returns a boolean of whether the raw_password was correct. Handles
        hashing formats behind the scenes.
        """
        def setter(raw_password):
            self.set_password(raw_password)
            self.save()
        return check_password(raw_password, self.password, setter)

    def set_unusable_password(self):
        # Sets a value that will never be a valid hash
        self.password = make_password(None)

    def has_usable_password(self):
        return is_password_usable(self.password)

    def get_group_permissions(self, obj=None):
        """
        Returns a list of permission strings that this user has through his/her
        groups. This method queries all available auth backends. If an object
        is passed in, only permissions matching this object are returned.
        """
        permissions = set()
        for backend in auth.get_backends():
            if hasattr(backend, "get_group_permissions"):
                if obj is not None:
                    permissions.update(backend.get_group_permissions(self,
                                                                     obj))
                else:
                    permissions.update(backend.get_group_permissions(self))
        return permissions

    def get_all_permissions(self, obj=None):
        return _user_get_all_permissions(self, obj)

    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
        """
        Returns True if the user has the specified permission. This method
        queries all available auth backends, but returns immediately if any
        backend returns True. Thus, a user who has permission from a single
        auth backend is assumed to have permission in general. If an object is
        provided, permissions for this specific object are checked.
        """

        # Active superusers have all permissions.
        if self.is_active and self.is_superuser:
            return True

        # Otherwise we need to check the backends.
        return _user_has_perm(self, perm, obj)

    def has_perms(self, perm_list, obj=None):
        """
        Returns True if the user has each of the specified permissions. If
        object is passed, it checks if the user has all required perms for this
        object.
        """
        for perm in perm_list:
            if not self.has_perm(perm, obj):
                return False
        return True

    def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
        """
        Returns True if the user has any permissions in the given app label.
        Uses pretty much the same logic as has_perm, above.
        """
        # Active superusers have all permissions.
        if self.is_active and self.is_superuser:
            return True

        return _user_has_module_perms(self, app_label)

    def email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None):
        """
        Sends an email to this User.
        """
        send_mail(subject, message, from_email, [self.email])

    def get_profile(self):
        """
        Returns site-specific profile for this user. Raises
        SiteProfileNotAvailable if this site does not allow profiles.
        """
        if not hasattr(self, '_profile_cache'):
            from django.conf import settings
            if not getattr(settings, 'AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE', False):
                raise SiteProfileNotAvailable(
                    'You need to set AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE in your project '
                    'settings')
            try:
                app_label, model_name = settings.AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE.split('.')
            except ValueError:
                raise SiteProfileNotAvailable(
                    'app_label and model_name should be separated by a dot in '
                    'the AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE setting')
            try:
                model = models.get_model(app_label, model_name)
                if model is None:
                    raise SiteProfileNotAvailable(
                        'Unable to load the profile model, check '
                        'AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE in your project settings')
                self._profile_cache = model._default_manager.using(
                                   self._state.db).get(user__id__exact=self.id)
                self._profile_cache.user = self
            except (ImportError, ImproperlyConfigured):
                raise SiteProfileNotAvailable
        return self._profile_cache


class AnonymousUser(object):
    id = None
    username = ''
    is_staff = False
    is_active = False
    is_superuser = False
    _groups = EmptyManager()
    _user_permissions = EmptyManager()

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def __unicode__(self):
        return 'AnonymousUser'

    def __str__(self):
        return unicode(self).encode('utf-8')

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return isinstance(other, self.__class__)

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return not self.__eq__(other)

    def __hash__(self):
        return 1 # instances always return the same hash value

    def save(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def delete(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def set_password(self, raw_password):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def check_password(self, raw_password):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def _get_groups(self):
        return self._groups
    groups = property(_get_groups)

    def _get_user_permissions(self):
        return self._user_permissions
    user_permissions = property(_get_user_permissions)

    def get_group_permissions(self, obj=None):
        return set()

    def get_all_permissions(self, obj=None):
        return _user_get_all_permissions(self, obj=obj)

    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
        return _user_has_perm(self, perm, obj=obj)

    def has_perms(self, perm_list, obj=None):
        for perm in perm_list:
            if not self.has_perm(perm, obj):
                return False
        return True

    def has_module_perms(self, module):
        return _user_has_module_perms(self, module)

    def is_anonymous(self):
        return True

    def is_authenticated(self):
        return False
